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Moral obligation as sociological fact and theoretical problem: a debate between Bergson and Kant
Palmea, King Reinier ; Ottmann, François (advisor) ; Serban, Claudia (referee)
This work aims to explicate the difference between Bergson and Kant's concept of obligation in light of Bergson's critique of Kant in his book Les Deux Sources de la Morale et Religion (The Two Sources of Morality and Religion). From what perspective does this critique and reading of Kant originate? I argue that it lies in their different approaches to morality. On one hand, Bergson views moral obligation as a sociological and anthropological fact. He applies an existential approach in his moral theory because the anthropological fact he engages with, namely the phenomenon of barbarism during the First World War, provides the framework for his typology of closed and open morality, and his critique of deontology. On the other hand, Kant considers morality as a theoretical problem; morality is a conceptual engagement-an investigation of the concepts that morality presupposes. Their divergent approaches underpin (1) the difference in their conception of freedom in relation to morality and (2) their conception of mysticism as a possible ground for morality. Keywords: obligation, reason, pressure, aspiration, morality, freedom, autonomy, moral creativity, mysticism
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The importance of income on subjective well-being
Sedlář, Jan ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
1 Abstract My Bachelor thesis deals in a comprehensive way with the discussion unleashed by the publication of the Easterlin's article which called attention to more complex relations between the absolute level of income and the subjective well-being than the economic theory would ever assume . There is the literature shown which finds the explanation why the relation - the absolute level of income and the subjective well-being - does not hold without exceptions. A special attention is devoted to the human behaviour: comparison of the individual's situation with the situation of his reference group, comparison of the individual's situation with the situation he was accustomed to in the past, the individual's adaptation to the new situation and change of his aspiration and on the overvaluation of the benefits from the achieved goal. The first characteristic is tested experimentally with use of the analogy: the income as the evaluation of the job performance, the mark as the evaluation of the student. The experiment did not prove that the comparison of the student with his reference group would have the influence on his own performance. The second part of my thesis is focused on the description of the relationship between the gross national income per capita and the satisfaction of the inhabitants from the...
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Dysphagia failure of the upper esophageal sphincter in patients after stroke
Gregová, Daniela ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Smolíková, Libuše (referee)
Stroke is one of the most frequent causes of dysphagia, a serious symptom triggered by affected coordination of the swallowing muscles or limited sensation. This bachelor thesis focuses on providing a compendium of literature concerned with dysphagia and demonstrating how the symptom occurs after cerebrovascular accident. The first part discusses the swallowing process and stroke from anatomical, physiological and neurophysiological standpoint. Second part presents a closer view of the upper sphincter of esophagus, additional healt problems caused by dysphagia and possibilities of alimentation and brings up a set of the most frequently used diagnostic methods. From chapter 4 and 5 on, the thesis describes methods and technics that can be involved in the treatment of patient with swallowing difficulties and casuistry of a patient suffering from serious dysphagia caused by cerebrovascular accident.
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Aspiration of English plosives in Czech students of English studies
Pospíšilová, Andrea ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
Voice onset time (VOT) was shown to provide an effective basis on which to differentiate individual plosives in English. This thesis carries out an analysis of recordings of university students to determine whether specific phonetic in- struction improves pronunciation of non-native speakers of English with focus on aspiration of plosives and VOT. In the first part, a theoretical background is provided with definitions of plosives, VOT and its use and measurement. It also reviews the factors that have been shown to affect the VOT values. In addition, a brief overview of second language acquisition is given, with focus on English pronunciation. The second, empirical part describes the material and method used in the analysis and provides figures and results of statistical tests that were run. The results suggest a significant increase in VOT values as a result of one semester of Phonetics and Phonology course. Furthermore, individual plosives and positions in a word were examined sep- arately to determine whether there are any differences as suggested by the theoretical overview. Keywords: voice onset time, aspiration, Czech English, second language acquisition
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Differences in the level of aspiration and stress resistance of women floorball players Tatran Střešovice
Zabavská, Barbora ; Janák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Běhanová, Michaela (referee)
Title: Differences in the level of aspiration and stress resistance in female floorball players of Tatran Střešovice Objectives: The main aim of this research is to contribute to the search for a relation between the level of aspirations and performance in athletes. Furthermore, whether there is a difference in stress resistance in female floorball players of different ages. The general aim is to contribute to the current knowledge base in this area with new partial results based on the implementation of my own research investigation. Methods: The TATSO test was used for this research. The author of this version of the test is Janák, who modified the original test by Hošek from 1979 into its current form. The test measures the level of aspiration, resistance to stress and psychomotor tempo. The test is suitable for group investigations, but personal presence is required (it cannot be distributed electronically). It is a pencil-and-paper type of performance test. Results: I found that the older group of female floorball players had higher aspirations compared to the younger group, so the first hypothesis was confirmed. The second hypothesis, which states that the older group of female floorball players have higher load resistance, was not confirmed, as my research showed that both groups have the...
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Differences in the level of aspiration and stress resistence of women floorball players Tatran Střešovice
Zabavská, Barbora ; Janák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Běhanová, Michaela (referee)
Title: Differences in the level of aspiration and stress resistance in female floorball players of Tatran Střešovice Objectives: The main aim of this research is to contribute to the search for a relation between the level of aspirations and performance in athletes. Furthermore, whether there is a difference in stress resistance in female floorball players of different ages. The general aim is to contribute to the current knowledge base in this area with new partial results based on the implementation of my own research investigation. Methods: The TATSO test was used for this research. The author of this version of the test is Janák, who modified the original test by Hošek from 1979 into its current form. The test measures the level of aspiration, resistance to stress and psychomotor tempo. The test is suitable for group investigations, but personal presence is required (it cannot be distributed electronically). It is a pencil-and-paper type of performance test. Results: I found that the older group of female floorball players had higher aspirations compared to the younger group, so the first hypothesis was confirmed. The second hypothesis, which states that the older group of female floorball players have higher load resistance, was not confirmed, as my research showed that both groups have the...
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Diagnosis of selected competencies of track and field coach
Kapcová, Michaela ; Janák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Holánek, Michal (referee)
Title: Diagnosis of selected competencies of track and field coach of youth Objectives: The main aim of the thesis is to diagnose selected competences of a coach of youth athletics and to verify the hypothesis about the connection between performance and the aspiration of coaches. Methods: The thesis used qualitative methods of research and psychological testing. The qualitative methods used were testing, observation and research. Psychological testing was in the form of TATSO test. Finally, the statistical method F-test was used Results: The results of the work will be a useful source of information for the Czech Athletic Association in the development of curricula for trainers and will also be an indicator for athletic clubs, which organize youth trainers. Keywords: Athletics, coach of youth, coach competencies, TATSO test, F-test, ČAS, Czech Athletic Association, aspiration, level of aspiration
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